Peer Review Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peer Review - Article Example The writer mentioned several cases and even discussed three cases in detail where the person or a NP had to face legal actions afterwards after they tried to act as Good Samaritans. The methodology was not complex in this case because most of the specific data was reviewed and taken from cases in courts and articles published. Writer even went on to mention several suggestive measures for NP in specific and other medical professionals in general about the way they should act in case there is any emergency. The conclusion is very well supported by the case, writer has established. There is a definite confusion and synchronization among various states about this law so it is very important for a NP to act according to the law of the state she is working on. Moreover, the writer also stresses the need of stronger and better legislation among states so that NPs are not hesitant to act when they see any emergency situation. This would reduce morbidity and mortality and even provide NPs a chance to render their services for the goodwill of people. This law is not applicable in United State but has also been adopted in a slight different form by other countries as mentioned by the writer. This topic is very important for future consideration of nursing because it can relate to their life and presents a problem that any nurse can face even outside work environment. These discussions would help a nurse to make her decision in such a situation as per the laws of the state she is working in. This is a life saving procedure but involves some legal problems that can occur in some of the cases (Tumolo, J. 2002). This is one field that has a lot of scope for future research on the same lines. More studies and analysis of various cases would even highlight the issue which would help in proper law making in different states. Nurses should also be encouraged through research and publication not to hesitate when it is about

Osmosis Lab Report Essay Example for Free

Osmosis Lab Report Essay

Geoffrey Chaucer :: Biographies Biography Essays

Geoffrey Chaucer ...I think some of Chaucer belongs to his time and that much of that time is dead, extinct, and never to be made alive again. What was alive in it, lives through him..._ --John Masefield Geoffrey Chaucer's world was the Europe of the fourteenth century. It was neither rich or poor, happy nor sad. Rather, it was the intermingling of these, a mixture of splendor and poverty, displaying both worldly desire and spiritual purity. Chaucer's travels through it, mostly on  ¦the King ¦s business,_ or civil service, shaped his writing, offering the readers of today a brief glimpse into the world in which he lived. Chaucer lived from approximately AD 1340 to 1400. The world in which he lived was not one of peace or stability. Born the son of a London vintner, he remained a Londoner for most of the rest of his life, leaving the city only on  ¦the King ¦s business_. The city of London was thus Chaucer ¦s environment for most of his life. Aside from brief visits into other countries or areas of England, he remained in the city, and it ¦s affects on his writing was immense. London of that time was not the London of today. It was a walled city, guarded against invasion, but long enough time had passed since such a threat had approached that the defenses had loosened. Houses perched upon the walls, and Chaucer in fact, lived for a time in a house built over Aldgate, (one of the gates of the city). London was a city less than three-quarters of a square mile in size: It ran east and west along the Thames less than one and a half miles, and extended northwards less than half a mile. Over 20,000 people were packed into this small area; the diversity of the inhabitants was overwhelming. Londoners ranged from wealthy to impoverished, from small to large, from shoemaker to blacksmith to minstrel to priest. The city was thus fairly close. Stone building mingled with tile, wood, and thatch. While the major streets were fairly wide, small shops and stands often spread out into the road, effectively narrowing it by up to half it ¦s width. London Bridge (the only bridge in the city) was home to a multitude of homes and shops, perched on top of the span to conserve space. Waste was disposed of simply. It was emptied out the windows into the alley or street and slaughtering was done in he streets as well, with scraps being tossed underfoot.

True Happiness in The Sirens of Titan by Kurt Vonnegut and Hans Weingar

True Happiness in The Sirens of Titan by Kurt Vonnegut and Hans Weingartner's The Eduakators A large parcel of the population has as their ultimate goal in life achieving well-being. Unfortunately many try to achieve it through the wrong means. For instance, in The Sirens of Titan, by Kurt Vonnegut, Malachi Constant thinks he is truly happy, but what he really does is fulfill his hedonism, satisfy his shallow needs, without truly searching for a higher form of well-being. Not only does a life focused on hedonic satisfaction not achieve true happiness, it also leads, along with the urge to accumulate, egocentrism, and greed, to an unethical life. The Sirens of Titans depicts this kind of life, which is also represented throughout The Edukators, directed by Hans Weingartner. Both Malachi Constant and Hardenberg believe that money is the solution to all of their problems while ignoring the problems their own lifestyle is causing to other people and society as a whole. Happiness, our own and other people’s, is achieved by focusing our lives in the right things. Even though hedonic satisfaction is necessary for living a happy life, focusing only on hedonic pleasure will have the opposite effect. If you focus on money and the things it can buy as the source for your well-being, you are excluding a series of factors that are necessary to achieve a true state of well-being. The following passage from the article â€Å"On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being† clearly details that: Drawing from the eudaimonic view and from SDT, Kasser & Ryan (1993, 1996) related money and materialism to well-being. They predicted that people who place a strong value on wealth... ...se’s life. The only way humanity can achieve true well-being is if abdicates its urge to accumulate and refocus its mostly hedonic ways to a more eudaimonic way of life. Works Cited The Edukators. Dir. Hans Weingartner. IFC Films, 2004. Mill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1979. Nenno, Nancy P. â€Å"Postcards from the Edge.† Light Motives: German Popular Film in Perspective. Eds. Halle, Randall and McCarthy, Margaret. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2003. 61-84. Reed, Peter J. "Kurt Vonnegut, Jr." Dictionary of Literary Biography. ed. 1978. Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci. "On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudamonic Well-Being." Annual Review of Psychology 52 (2001): 141-166. Vonnegut, Kurt. The Sirens of Titan. New York: Dell Publishing, 1998.

Life Choices and Consequences

My Grandfather always said to me â€Å" s3 wo si as3 Ny3 wo d3 a 3h) na wo tafiri† –â€Å"Even if you don’t like the taste in your mouth that is where you will always lick† The diversity of life impinges on us to make a choice in every single decision. Whatever you have done in your life and whatever you will do is simple a bundle of choices you have made or will make. And every single one of these choices serves as a foundation for another choice. But the more fascinating thing about choices is that every single one of our choices reduces the probability of options that are readily available to us .And this is extremely important because the surprising number of us do not realized that all that we are and everything we have are the results of choices . We are in control of our choices and thus our life’s direction and destiny. Our choices and our life go hand in hand . the life you are living is simply a cumulative series of choices you have made. We have gotten used to making choices that we scarcely think of it as the means that unfolds our life before our eyes. Choices are about yielding and resisting. They are about reflections and impulsiveness.They are about the present and future and it is a yes and no affair and a now later business but whatever it is the laws of living demands that we make one in every circumstance in other to live. But every single choice we make comes along with a shadow . This shadow is generally referred as consequence . It is very easy in the choice making decision to conjure our best planning skills to navigate the maze of options that covers the path to wherever we want to go and whatever we want to achieve. However, we scarcely make provisions for dealing with the consequences of our choices .And so consequences of our choices have become more or less a headache in society. More often than not, the consequences of our choices open our eyes to the glitter of all the other options we pushed asi de. And then we start to think that the choices we made were poor ones . Sometimes we feel like turning back the clock and rewinding the tape in other to make a better choice. Truth is, it does not matter how hard or how badly you want to change the choice. A choice made is a choice made. The best that you can do about it is to develop a positive attitude about it and face the consequences.The bottom line is this: regardless of the consequences that we are going through now, we are all trying to accomplish increasingly more out of the choices we made with increasingly less resources –whether these resources are money, time, focus or energy. The challenge is not that we do not make rational choices, rather, our refusal to focus and work hard at the choices we have made, make those options we left behind glitter like the twinkling stars. Instead of constantly looking over your shoulder at the glittering options you left behind, your best bet is to live positively with your choi ces and look towards the future .Looking back means you are dwelling on the past instead of living in the present and being stuck in the past does not help you make any better choices in the future. We can all look at our circumstances and point out instances where different choices could have given us a different way of life . But it only sounds easy in words. In action, they are difficult . For the surprising majority of us, when the consequences of our choices rear its ugly head, we respond in a very predictable way. We turn in the opposite direction and try to outrun it .The only problem is that, before long the consequences catches up with us. And so instead of outrunning the consequences, we actually run into it , maximizing our exposure to it. Or like we say,† Challenges and problems compound when we ignore them , and we end up being exposed to something longer and or worse than what might have been. Our best bet is to wait for the consequences to come right at us and a s it arrives, we must charge directly into them. By charging at the consequences of our choices, we run straight through it, which minimizes the amount of negative effect we experience .And why not, in life most of the brilliant options are about doing the hard things you know you should do, even when you do not feel like doing them, but doing as early on as possible. As long as we live, we are going to make a lot of choices. And if we do not want negative consequences, then we have to think about and evaluate our choices differently than we have been doing. It is about giving a lot of forethought to the consequences of the choices we are faced with. And it is about being ready to deal positively with whatever consequences that materializes out of the choices we make.

Daphnia magna Essays

Daphnia magna Essays Daphnia magna Paper Daphnia magna Paper This chapter provides an overview of the biology of waterless of the genus Daphnia. It describes basic aspects of Individual physiology and nutrition, Including some remarks about Immunity. It summarizes the typical life cycle and development of Daphnia. The modes of reproduction and the induction of resting egg production in cyclic and obligate parthenogenesis forms are discussed. Finally, population biological aspects, such as behavioral ecology, habitat preferences, population genetics, and population dynamics, are introduced. Go to: Introduction The following introduction summarizes the key aspects of the natural history of the genus Daphnia. It is far from exhaustive. Because much of the biology has been studied over the past 250 years and is considered to be common knowledge, I give no references to specific studies In most cases. The Interested reader may consult Fryer (1991), Steer (Bibb Lambert and Simmer (1 999), and Peters and De Bernard (1987), from which much of the information was taken. A search on the Internet using the term Daphnia or Clamored will also bring up a large body of information. Of particular interest is the Clamored Web page of the university of Gullah in Canada. The reader familiar with Daphnia may skip this chapter and move on to Chapter 3. Daphnia are platonic crustaceans that belong to the Payload (sometimes called Bronchiolar), which are characterized by flattened leaf-like legs used to produce a water current for the filtering apparatus. Within the bronchioles, Daphnia belong to the Clamored, whose bodies are enclosed by an unqualified shell (Figures 2. 1 and 2. 2), known as the carapace. It has a double wall, between which hemolytic flows and which Is part of the body cavity. The carapace Is largely made of chitin, a polysaccharide. Clamored have up to 10 pairs of appendages, which are (from front to back): untangles, antennae (the second antennae, used for swimming): maxillae: and mandibles; followed by 5 (as in Daphnia) or 6 limbs on the trunk. The limbs form an apparatus for feeding and respiration. At the end of the abdomen is a pair of claws. The body length of Clamored ranges from less than 0. 5 mm to more than 6 mm. Males are distinguished from females by their smaller size, larger untangles, modeled post-abdomen, and first legs, which are armed with a hook used in clasping. It describes basic aspects of individual physiology and nutrition, including some remarks about immunity. It summarizes the typical life cycle and development of references to specific studies in most cases. The interested reader may consult Fryer (1991), Steer (1993), Lambert and Simmer (1999), and Peters and De information. Of particular interest is the Clamored Web page of the University of and which is part of the body cavity. The carapace is largely made of chitin, a to back): untangles, antennae (the second antennae, used for swimming); maxillae; modified post-abdomen, and first legs, which are armed with a hook used in clasping.

Members of Congress by Profession

Members of Congress by Profession There are lots of professional politicians, those solons who hop from one elective office to another and always land on their feet - or at the helm of some federal agency or even in the Senate - because theres no such thing as statutory term limits  and theres no way to recall them. But many members of Congress came from real professions before being elected.  There have been actors, comedians, talk-show hosts, famous journalists and all sorts of doctors who have served in the House of Representatives and U.S. Senate.   Members of Congress By  Profession So who are these people and what did they do? There are the obvious non-politicians: actor and President Ronald Reagan,  Songwriter Sonny Bono was one-half of Sonny and Cher,  one of the most popular rock duos  of the 1960s and early 1970s,  author and  talk-show host  Al Franken, who  was  best known for his role on  Saturday Night Live.  Who can forget professional wrestler Jesse The Body Ventura, whose political resume ended at governor of Minnesota? But what about the common members of Congress? Where did they come from? What were their professions? Business and Law Data compiled regularly by the Washington, D.C., publication Roll Call and the Congressional Research Service have found that the most common professions held by burgeoning members of the House and Senate are in law, business and education. In the 113th Congress, for example, nearly a fifth of the 435 House members and 100 senators worked in education, either as teachers, professors, school counselors, administrators or coaches, according to the Roll Call and Congressional Research data. There were twice as many lawyers and businessmen and businesswomen. Professional Politicians The most common profession among members of Congress, though, is that of a public servant. Thats a nice-sounded term for a career politician. More than half of our U.S. senators served in the House, for example. But there are dozens of former small-town mayors, state governors, former judges, ex-state lawmakers, one-time congressional staffers, sheriffs and FBI agents, just to name a few. More Unusual Professions Of course, not everyone in Congress is a lawyer or professional politician or celebrity seeking to make a serious name for himself or herself. Some of the other jobs held by members of Congress include the following: Car dealerRodeo AnnouncerWelderFuneral home ownerSoftware engineerPhysicianDentists  Veterinarians  PsychiatristPsychologistsOptometristNurse  MinisterPhysicistEngineerMicrobiologist  Radio talk show host  JournalistAccountantPilotAstronautProfessional football playerFilmmaker  FarmerAlmond orchard ownerVintner  FishermanSocial workerStockbroker Are You Thinking of Running for Office? Before you launch that presidential campaign, there are some things you ought to know. These dentists and stockbrokers and astronauts didnt just jump headfirst into politics. Most were involved, whether it was through volunteering with campaigns, becoming members of the local party committees, giving money to super PACs or other political action committees and serving in small, unpaid municipal positions.

Free Essays on Images Of America In Rock ‘n’ Roll

, country music was the music for white working class families. Country music never crossed racial lines, though, and never gained acceptance in black culture. The music of the black working class was blues, which was more about guilt and da... Free Essays on Images Of America In Rock ‘n’ Roll Free Essays on Images Of America In Rock ‘n’ Roll Blood On the Tracks: The Pain and Hope of America’s Workers â€Å"America I’ve given you all and now I’m nothing.† -Allan Ginsberg, â€Å"America† (1956) Allan Ginsberg was not part of the baby boomer generation that made rock-n-roll famous. He was born in New Jersey in 1926, so his generation was more closely aligned to what Tom Brokaw would later refer to as â€Å"the greatest generation.† (allanginsberg.com) He lived through the great depression and the Second World War. As Ginsberg grew older, he became dismayed by what he saw in America, it had become a place of industrialization and steel towns, a symbol of the pains of â€Å"progress,† filled with souls who had given their lives to the American dream only to discover that they could never have it. (Scheurer) At about the same time as Ginsberg wrote the famous poem â€Å"America,† rock-n-roll music was becoming the music of the lost myths of America. Rock-n-roll was not an original creation; it drew heavily on what came before it. Mostly, though, rock music represented a merger between white country and black blues. In the book Mystery Train: Images of America in Rock ‘n’ Roll Music, Greil Marcus discusses country music prior to the birth of rock. Country music was music that entire communities listened to, linking each member to the group. Marcus writes: The songs of country music, and most deeply, its even, narrow sound, had to subject the children to the heartbreak of their parents: the father who couldn’t feed his family, the wife who lost her husband to a honky-tonk angel or a bottle, the family that lost everything to a suicide or a farm spinning off into one more bad year. (Marcus, 133) In other words, country music was the music for white working class families. Country music never crossed racial lines, though, and never gained acceptance in black culture. The music of the black working class was blues, which was more about guilt and da...

Critically discuss the missional strategies used by 21st century Essay

Critically discuss the missional strategies used by 21st century church growth practitioners, showing how models adopted are connected to early Christianity - Essay Example The 21st century saw the resurgence of the allegorical methods. Initially, Christians resisted the gospel community, but at the end of the century, Christianity spread rapidly. The growth was due to the level of education system and the indigenous church structure. This growth was as a result of the native evangelists and missionaries who went to the unreached and neighbouring villages. During the twentieth century, Christians continued to increase rapidly. The method mostly used to grow Christianity was through education at the low level in schools. Here, leaders were trained and consequently, they went to teach the unreachable and the people who had little or no knowledge about Jesus. Missionaries have aimed to develop methods to help in the growth of the church and many ways have been used in its development. The growth of the church depends on its ability and how it nurtures its believers. According to Hunter III, â€Å"a local church experiences expansion church growth when people enter the church’s ranks and become new members† (2009, n.p.). The church can experience three kinds of growth namely biological, transfer and conversion growth. Biological growth occurs when parents bring their children to the church and the children grow in that church, rising through the ranks, until they old and bring their children. Transfer growth occurs when members of another church move into a church and are received there. Conversion growth occurs when new Christians from all over the world become members of a church. Through media: The earliest Christians didn’t have churches or buildings to worship in. They instead worshipped in homes or under trees. They neither had public ceremonies nor mass media to share information. Before the development of the internet, there were great barriers and challenges to passing information. Due to the advanced technologies

Clean water drinking water Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Clean water drinking water - Research Paper Example Odorless, tasteless and transparent liquid miraculously plays an important role in the existence of nature. IMPORTANCE Life without water would just be nothing. There are innumerable uses of water. Cleaning, drinking, washing cooking farming is just to name a few. Water has been reshaping man’s life and his land even before man ever knew. The land that we sit on today may well have been underwater sometime as it is proposed that all of Earth was a continuation of water and land emerged from underneath it as a resultant of movements of Earth’s Crust. Besides being available to us in the liquid form of water it also maintains the entire ecosystem of the planet by being an integral part of the weather system. Humidity in the air and large bodies of water in the form of lakes and rivers etcetera regulate the temperature of the region. Living forms are composed of about 50% to 70% of water. Clear distinctive existence of betterment of the human race is not possible without t he inclusion of water in the process. SAFE WATER The purity and preserving of water is extremely essential owing to its usability. There is no potential substitute to water. Each use of water that is associated with it is effective only and only when water exists in its purest form. The availability of safe drinking water each and every living being is his right since he has the ownership share of this planet just like any other living being. Unfortunately water has been taken for granted by man. Since there was abundant water for everyone man never thought of preserving it or using it with the conscience of keeping it in its purest form. It was only after years of misuse added with the ironic blow of pollution and global warming that man started to realize what it had done wrong with its best friend- A friend about which the proverb â€Å"A friend in need is a friend indeed† would undoubtedly fit very well. THE PROBLEM The rapidly deteriorating state of the planet Earth has resulted in many of the world today being deprived of their basic right: â€Å"Free and safe drinking water.† They are forced to take up water for drinking from lakes, rivers and sea. These means of acquisition of drinking water are the major source of water borne diseases among which diarrhea was the most common. Moreover, water from undisclosed resources is also often polluted. The unavailability of free safe drinking water is the key to the rest of the problems of these suffering individuals. Pollution is followed by Global warming which acts misery to the plight of the already suffering individuals. Extremely hot climates cause drought and also result in the drying up of the water reservoirs whereas, too much of rain results in the overflowing of sewage drains and worsens the sanitation problem even more. Unavailability of safe pure water not only leads to the threat of suffering from various diseases but it also leads to sanitation issues as well. SANITATION ISSUES: Unfo rtunately this area of water’s usage is just as neglected as the others. Improper sanitation throughout developing nations just adds to their misery of unavailability of drinking water for eating and drinking purposes. The hygiene of individuals thus becomes impossible as well yet again leading to added pollution and added health hazards. STATISTICS Present day statistics, with relation to clean and pure drinking water are

Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Outsourcing - Essay Example Subsequently, organizations attempting to compete globally in the 1970s and 1980s were handicapped by a lack of agility that resulted from bloated management structures (Corbett, 1996). However, most organisations were not totally self sufficient; they outsourced those functions for which they had no competency internally. Publishers, for example, have often purchased composition, printing, and fulfillment services. The use of external suppliers for these essential but ancillary services might be termed the baseline stage in the evolution of outsourcing. The main business purpose for outsourcing is to enhance the value of an organization's offerings to its customers (Earl, 1996). In the electronics industry, increased market competition identifies continuous adjustment and improvement in the production lines, outsourcing and supply chain management of companies. Interdependence and participation of suppliers and manufacturers in product design, innovation, as well as research and development characterize the current international business environment resulting to market volatility (Sobrero & Roberts, 2001; Appleyard, 2003). These organizations usually share proprietary corporate data with external suppliers and partners while ensuring maximum security to enhance efficiency across the product lifecycle by streamlining procurement, production, fulfilment, and distribution processes (Katsikeas, Schlegelmilch & Skarmeas, 2002) which requires integration of applications and data across multiple geographically dispersed supply chain partners, as well as internal integration with legacy systems (Katsikeas, Schlegelmilch & Skarmeas, 2002; Appleyard, 2003). Benefits Outsourcing manufacturing is one of vital business and supply chain strategies which are one way companies are revolutionising business operations to deliver better products faster at lowest cost possible (Domberger, 1998). It is a kind of supply chain collaboration model and strategic alliance approach, which allows the OEMs to concentrate on product development, sales and marketing (Bounfour, 2003). It eventually helps business organisations to gain competitive advantage of increased product availability, reduced inventory; minimized total logistics cost and rapidly introduce their product to market without a significant investment in plans for capital equipment (Arnold, 2000). Normally, there are two types of outsourced services, technology and business process. Each can be inert partial to the subsequent areas. The first type of outsourcing is the technology services. This type covers the electronic commerce (e-commerce), infrastructure (networks), software (applications), telecommunications and website development and hosting. The second type of outsourcing is the business process outsourcing. Under this type of outsourcing are customer contacts (customer relations management), equipment, finance/accounting, human resources, logistics, procurement/supply chain management and security. Lee et al (2002) stated that there have three major outsourcing drivers: (a) economic - expense reductions, cost control and

Writing Consultation Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing Consultation Assignment - Essay Example Because there are many ways to approach this topic, I had not completed an outline, and Jonny functioned as a sounding board off, of which to bounce my ideas for the paper as well as pointing me in the right direction to get more research about my topic (Bjork, 2003). The session was effective in unveiling to me possible points that could be included. There is a variety of bats on the market and one of my objectives for the session was to determine how this topic could be covered in a short, four-page paper. I was convinced on his well-versed knowledge on writing such research papers and more importantly his attention to details on how the paper should look like. This reshaped my perspective on the approach all together. This got me assured of a qualitative discussion once I embark on the actual writing. In the learning center, Jonny asked about my curiosity about the topic and what kinds of criteria would the best baseball bat have. I had not given much thought to the topic and I re alized that when it comes to choosing a baseball bat, so many things have to be in place. Jonny and I discussed those factors that ought to influence one’s choice. For instance, what material to choose, what size, what weight were some of the guiding question samples for my learning and consultation.

Securitization as a System of Pooling Resources in the Area of Banking Essay

Securitization as a System of Pooling Resources in the Area of Banking and Finance Law - Essay Example This paper illustrates that non-liquid assets are resources, which could be freely traded in its present form and needs to be converted into another form of instrument for it to be accepted in the capital markets. A popular form of non-liquid asset is the mortgage loans, which could not be readily disposed but may be converted into securities through sale to Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) that issue bonds. Conversion of non-liquid assets to tradable securities such as bonds will allow banks to free some capital, which is tied up in the loans portfolio and allows for diversification of financial sources for business operations. Issuance of ABS also allows the originator to remove the non-liquid assets from its books of accounts in cases of true sale transactions, which in effect improves the financial ratio of the originator most especially in cases where it is bound to comply certain risk-based capital standards such as bank reserves. As a general rule, all the risk connected to the securities traded and purchased is transferred to the buyer. Unlike regularly issued bonds where security is based on the financial soundness of the issuing company, asset-backed bonds depend primarily on the funds or cash flows generated by the pooled assets which makes it less risky than the regular securities. This means that since the securities are backed by a specific pool of assets, ABS investors are, to some degree, protected from losing money if the originator of the bonds suddenly goes bankrupt. However, the very nature of ABS would not protect the buyer or investor when the transaction is flawed or vitiated. The degree of the risk involve shall be mitigated or aggravated by the system adopted in the transaction whether it is a true sale or a synthetic securitization.

Writing Consultation Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing Consultation Assignment - Essay Example Because there are many ways to approach this topic, I had not completed an outline, and Jonny functioned as a sounding board off, of which to bounce my ideas for the paper as well as pointing me in the right direction to get more research about my topic (Bjork, 2003). The session was effective in unveiling to me possible points that could be included. There is a variety of bats on the market and one of my objectives for the session was to determine how this topic could be covered in a short, four-page paper. I was convinced on his well-versed knowledge on writing such research papers and more importantly his attention to details on how the paper should look like. This reshaped my perspective on the approach all together. This got me assured of a qualitative discussion once I embark on the actual writing. In the learning center, Jonny asked about my curiosity about the topic and what kinds of criteria would the best baseball bat have. I had not given much thought to the topic and I re alized that when it comes to choosing a baseball bat, so many things have to be in place. Jonny and I discussed those factors that ought to influence one’s choice. For instance, what material to choose, what size, what weight were some of the guiding question samples for my learning and consultation.

Cyclermate Consultancy report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cyclermate Consultancy report - Essay Example This report will try to establish whether it is possible for Cyclermate Company to clear off its debts and attain financial stability in the near future with the increasingly loss of profitability. Background information Cyclermate Company has been enjoying unprecedented growth in the manufacture of cycles for quite some time. However, the last few years have seen the profits of this company sink sharply resulting from declined sales. The company was started in 1988 by two friends, Lewis Llewellyn and Dai Armstrong who had been in this business of making cycles for more than 20 years.The two friends brought their wealth of experience together and they decided to start a cycle manufacturing business going by the name Cyclermate. Within just a span of slightly more than two years, the firm had expanded to an extent that the two friends decided to acquire premises from where they were conducting their business. With increased demand for their product, the staff also increased considerab ly but they still insisted on keeping the staff at a skeletal minimum to cut costs. Everything was done manually or through the use of old or effective machinery. Automation was discouraged as they couldn’t justify buying the machines that were to be used in bending of the bars to manufacture these cycles. The issue of quality with these cycles arose when a cycle had an accident and blamed it on the fault of a braking system. Sales have declined and with a few creditors, Linda Llewellyn, who is Lewi’s wife and she demands that her share of the business be given to her and along term loaner, Geraint Williams, who relies on the payments from this loan to take care of his ailing wife. There is much financial pressure on the business and if measures are not taken into place, financial strain could cause the business to close down (Campello, Graham, & Harvey, 2010; Bancel, & Mittoo,2011). To this regard, the chairman Dai Armstrong and Gwyneth Morgan the secretary were taske d with the prerogative of arranging for a meeting with the bank to negotiate the possibility of an overdraft. The bank had already stipulated that this request would be highly unlikely to be considered unless the company provides proof that there would be increased trading to turn around the declining profits. To be able to know for sure whether the company can be capable of turning around and consolidate itself on the financial front in the short run, a full overview and assessment of the country will be done in this report. A SWOT analysis will be conducted to identify the areas of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities as well as threats that face this company. The issue of quality in production will also be illuminated upon. Measures that the company is undertaking to ensure it reverses these negative profits will also be looked into among other relevant issues pertaining to this case. Assumptions made To be able to provide a comprehensive and granular analysis of the company in f orm of its financial position and other aspects such as production techniques as well as marketing strategies and administration strategies, a number of assumptions will have to be made here. These assumptions are discussed in the following paragraphs. The main assumption is that both the company management and the bank acknowledge that the company had been performing well in the past but the

Bronze Age in Ireland Essay Example for Free

Bronze Age in Ireland Essay The arrival of the Bronze Age in Ireland was a gradual process, as there is no sharp division between the last Stone Age and the early Bronze Age. The Bronze Age is broken up into three groups including the Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, and Late Bronze Age. Nevertheless there is a general agreement that the Bronze Age started around 2000 B. C. and lasted until about 500 B. C.  As the era suggests, it was the new metal work technology practiced most effectively by the Beaker people in the north-eastern part of the country that caught the attention and imagination of those with artistic talents. As well as that it was the transition of the use of a different harder heavier metal from stone. Armor, weapons, daggers, and awls area few of the new items produced. The Bronze Age cannot be denied as a time of development. Gold items were also produced however there were mainly for ceremonial or decorative purposes. Silver, copper, and gold of which were the raw materials were all found around Ireland including West Cork, Tipperary, and Wicklow. The knowledge of how to make bronze came to Ireland from Europe. It is made from an alloy of tin and copper. The copper was mined in Ireland, chiefly in county Kerry at Ross Island; however the tin was imported from Britain, which is believed to have been obtained by a trading of gold already available in Ireland. Due to the richness of copper and gold in the country, Ireland had developed great trading power which was most definitely used to its greatest advantage. This is evident because Irish Bronze and gold objects are found in many parts of Western Europe. (Appreciation and history of Art). There are a mass quantity of many spectacular pieces of gold jewelry from this era that has been found over the years however many have been known to been lost or destroyed. The majority being found in bog land. The beginning of this time was more considered a Copper age as it was the main use. But later on, the introduction of tin made it possible to forge better and more sophisticated tools and weapons from the new alloy. However these tools and weapons would have been available to just a few sections of society and this brought about social changes which saw hierarchies established with the ownership and access to the new metal being the overriding factor in where one ranked in this hierarchy.

Approaches To Teaching Listening

Approaches To Teaching Listening Through the time there has been a shift in language perspective. Listening as a skill takes priority over details of language content. Along this shift different approaches were chosen to teach listening. In late 1960s and in the early 1970s comprehension approach was used. It was a teacher centered approach in which no attention was given to mistakes or what may cause these mistakes. Teachers focused upon the outcome of listening rather than upon listening itself, upon product rather than process. Learners kept experiencing the same difficulties in same listening exercises as they were not taught how to deal with them. Comprehension approach provided practice in listening but failed to practice it. To make listening more effective it is necessary to judge understanding not only by the number of learners who answered the questions correctly but also to follow up responses in order to understand where understanding broke down and to put things right. This happens if the listening less ons are seen as diagnostic activity. Diagnostic approach requires teachers to identify and redress learners weaknesses as listeners. According to Brown: Until we have some diagnostic procedures the teacher can only continue to test comprehension not to teach it. We need to move to a position where the teacher is able to recognize particular patterns of behavior manifested y an unsuccessful listener and to provide exercises for the students which will promote superior patterns of behavior. More listening does not necessarily mean better listening. Breaking listening into sub skills and planning series of short listening exercises can ensure better listening as it supports diagnostic approach, making it easy to identify the failure. More recently as listening takes the priority it should be seen as form of expertise. This requires intensive practice to become more automatic and exposure to real life experiences where taught practice have to be used appropriately and under the pressur e of time. Process in understanding spoken discourse There are two kinds of processes involved in understanding the spoken discourse. These are generally referred to as Top down and Bottom up approaches. Bottom up refers to using the incoming input as the basis for understanding the message. Top down method on the other hand, uses background knowledge in understanding the meaning of the message. There have been several arguments about the use of these two methods. According to Vandergrift bottom up help learners to develop word recognition skills, whereas top down method help learners to develop real life listening skills. But alone its not adequate for developing word recognition skills. Tyler (2001) suggested that Bottom up method can be used for long term language retention but top down method can be used for quick acquisition by learners such as travelers, as it provides insufficient basis for communication. As a result it can be seen as a matter of the aim of the listening. At the same time its been clearly stated that effective l istening occurs when Top down(meaning to language) and Bottom up (language to meaning) approaches occur together. Appropriate Tasks for effective listening The nature of comprehension is one of the main concerns to think before choosing the listening task Hundred percent correct and objective answers should not be expected form learners during the listening activity as what they understand recall or pay attention to are depend on the factors like their interest background and purpose in listening. ( Sheerin) Complete recall of all the information in an aural text is an unrealistic expectation to which even native speakers are not usually held. Listening exercises should be success-oriented and help students to build up confidence in their listening ability. The aim of the teachers should be making listening in second language (L2) as easy as listening in first language (L1). It is possible to make listening activities more effective by choosing appropriate tasks. Appropriate listening tasks must provide learners with necessary background knowledge and also cultural context when its needed, to make learners memory load less. Listening wi th more language knowledge make learners have more room in work memory to retain all information and make necessary revisions or inferences as they listen(Vandergrift). Listening task become more effective as listeners become more familiar with what they are listening. Tyler (2001) also supported this view by stating: Topic familiar-texts may inhibit the development of bottom up skills. Moreover listening tasks must have a purpose. As different listening tasks require different kinds of listening behaviors, learners need to know the purpose of the listening task to be able to choose the appropriate listening behavior. Shorter is easier to process principle rather than longer texts must be adapted as L2 listeners who can remember what they have heard perform more effectively (Brown). Effective listening materials consists of three parts; Pre listening, While Listening and Post listening and contain activities that link bottom up and top down listening (Field 98). Each part has specif ic aim therefore in an effective listening task; these three parts must be identical. Pre listening stage is used to activate knowledge, make predictions and reviewing key vocabulary. This stage must be used to simulate the appropriate background knowledge and to help learners to identify the purpose of the listening activity. While listening activities focuses on comprehension through exercises whereas Post listening generally involves response to comprehension. They all must be treated equally. All above these one of the main concerns about the listening task is authenticity; whether to provide L2 learners with the real life like listening materials or not. While some researchers support the use of authentic listening materials, others argue. Field suggested the use of authentic materials as they offer examples of hesitation, false start and pause, which characterizes the natural speech. Ur also emphasizes the importance of having listening instruction resemble real-life listening which makes the listener to built a sense of purpose and expectation for listening. These views match with the recent listening materials as its obvious that recent materials are trying to adapt more authentic tasks than before. In spite of these still there are some opponent views of the usage of authentic materials. Namely, Karen suggested that the authenticity might be a goal but not a starting point for learners. And Rosts view supported Karens as he stated that authentic materials are difficult both for learners and teachers and planning is necessary to be able to use them. Teachers must ensure that learners adopt their inference strategies they use in L1 to L2 listening. Using authentic materials are popular and believe to be effective however there is no proof that they are inherently superior to pedagogic recordings. The important thing is to use the one which is effective for learners to get better. Along authenticity discussions, simplicity is yet another concern for rese archers and teachers. Learners, when they are children, initially receive simplified input in learning their first language. There are some advantages of simplified language for L2 learners such as providing greater ease of comprehension for L2 learners and greater initial self competence in protected classroom environment. However it can cause learners to create unrealistic expectations that all L2 should be simple and easy to understand and it may cause to lose self esteem outside the classroom environment when learners cannot understand unsimplified speech. Hence activities must use authentic language without significantly slower or simpler speech than would normally be used in real life. Consequently it can be said that meaningful, interesting listening tasks using ordinary ,unsimplified, second language speech are effective. Importance of support in teaching environment. Importance of support in teaching L2 listening cannot be underestimated. Along appropriate tasks teachers still need to provide support during listening (Sheerin). This support can be in the form of a visual, transcript and/or positive feedback. In real life generally listeners have the opportunity to see the speaker. This supplies cultural information and so enable learners to predict more accurately. Visual aids such as maps, diagrams, pictures, or the images in a video help contextualize the listening input and provide clues to meaning. Moreover visuals reinforce the aural message and focus learners attention on the most important information. They are useful way of setting context which makes the activity more meaningful (Turner). Despite of the arguments about the necessity of them, transcripts are still thought to be other important support for learners. As use of the written record of the tasks are discussed, Sheerin supported the idea of transcript use by saying full and accu rately written transcript is important source of support for learners. It makes learners aware of the fact that they dont have to focus on every single word they hear. When examined Sherrins words carefully it can be clearly seen that use of transcripts not only help learners to improve themselves but also affect learners psychologically. Learners improve their listening if they have opportunity to see the whole text they heard. This enables them to see the use of the words. Moreover they feel that they dont need to afraid of missing some of the words as they listen. Transcript use is a beneficial learning activity which must be provided as a supplementary activity at the end of the listening, after students made some effort. Furthermore easiest and widely use form of support is positive feedback. Positive feedback is very important in listening as it is a demonstrative skill and repeated failure can cause panic and psychological barrier to effective listening. Therefore it must be ensured that positive feedback is provided during the learning process as a mean of support. Strategies and Strategy training Strategies and strategy training are most demanding and discussed issues about teaching effective listening. First of all the definition of the strategy and the distinction between the strategy and sub skill must be understood. Sub skills are competencies which native listeners posses and which non-native listeners need to acquire. Strategies, by contrast, are strictly compensatory. They are already available in L1. The goal in effective listening is to ensure that they are transferred into L2. Moreover strategies defined by Rost as; Some aspects of listening are under conscious control of listener while others are automatic and not under direct control. The conscious aspects of any goal oriented behavior are viewed in psychology as strategies. (Rost) Listening strategies can be thought of the way learners approach and manage the task. The effect of different types of listening strategy was investigated by Rubin (1988) with high school learners of Spanish. The performance of three ex perimental groups was compared with that of two control groups in the comprehension of video. Although not all the hypotheses were confirmed, results demonstrated that the use of some listening strategies can help students work with more difficult material (Vandergrift).Buck suggested two types of listening strategies; cognitive and metacognitive. Cognitive strategies are mental activities related to comprehending and storing input in working memory or long-term memory for later retrieval and metacognitive strategies are those conscious or unconscious mental activities that perform an executive function in the management of cognitive strategies. A lot of different researches have been done to find successful strategies. (Buck). As a result of these researches five commonly used successful strategies are defined as; Prediction, Making inferences, Attempting to clarify areas of confusion, Monitoring ones own listening process and Responding to what one has understood( Vandergrift 96,9 8,99). Despite of the fact that there are different strategies available for L2 learners, they often do not approach the listening tasks in the most effective way despite what they may do in their L1 ( Mendelsohn). Therefore it is necessary to help learners to find the correct strategy. With this view, some researchers suggested strategy training. According to Mendelsohn strategies can and must be taught as training students about how to listen leads to improvement in their listening ability. Training effective listening requires identifying ones goals in listening situation and act appropriate skills and strategies for ones listening goals. ( Rost) As learner centered models of L2 instructions became the focus of attention, teachers became the trainers of listening strategies rather than simple providers of comprehensible input.. Learners are made aware of the possible strategies through the use of strategy training and this leads to teaching and learning effective listening.

What are the strengths and failures of the Battle of Maldon and the ?related texts? as evidence for the structure of English Society :: essays research papers fc

What are the strengths and failures of the Battle of Maldon and the ‘related texts’ as evidence for the structure of English Society The Battle of Maldon is a medieval text depicting a battle between English warriors and Danish invaders. Earl Byrtnoth was commanding the warriors in the name of King Æthelred. The poem portrays the heroism of the bravest warriors and the sheer cowardice of those that fled. Controversy over the aim of the poem is apparent as Sragg says that the poets â€Å"style of writing is so hyperbolic that it robs what little of trustworthiness there is.† On the one hand there is little doubt that the battle happened and in this sense the poem is accurate, however very little archaeological evidence has been found around that historical sight to consolidate the poems content. Another problem may well lie in the later translations of the text especially before 1725 and the Cotton Library fire. When copyists began to copy the text they may well have lost some of the meaning of the poem by the way they understand it, they are likely to translate the text to fit contemporary understanding .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is possible to see that the church appears to play a major role in the society of the English in the tenth and eleventh centuries. Lines one hundred and one to one hundred and five display a deeply engrained belief in fate and God’s hand in it, â€Å"There against the fierce ones stood ready Byrtnoth with his men†¦ †¦Then the fight was nigh, glory in combat: the time had come when fated men must fall there.† It is possible to see that there was a deeply engrained belief, in the higher circles of society especially, that if you died on the battle field then God had fated you to do so. Also the use of glory indicates a connection with religion as glory and glorification are synonymous with Christ, God, and religion in general. This idea is backed up by lines one hundred and seventy three to one hundred and eighty whereby a fallen warrior believes that they will reach heaven in God’s peace. This idea would no doubt be reflected through society as lines two hundred and five to two hundred and eight suggest that society acknowledges the bravest, a lord would expect his warriors to avenge his death or lose his life in the process. The church also played a major role as a buttress to the King’s legitimacy and power.

Essay --

â€Å"As of 2012, approximately 400,000 people in the United States have been diagnosed with MS, with 10,000 new cases being diagnosed each year. Worldwide, MS affects between 1.5 and 2.5 million people.† (Davidson, Fallon, Slomski & Cataldo, 2013, p. 2228). With statistics like this many people have encountered individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this report is to describe in detail this disease and how MRI is the modality of choice to diagnose. The Disease MS is an autoimmune disease. This means that the body’s immune system attacks normal tissue. Immune cells attack and obliterate the myelin sheath that surrounds neurons found in the brain and spinal cord. Myelin is an important component of neurons because it acts as an insulator. Myelin sheaths help electric signals travel efficiently from the brain to areas of the body, and â€Å"speeds transmission and prevents electrical activity in one cell from short-circuiting to another cell† (Davidson et al., 2013, p. 2228). MS attacks these myelin sheaths and disrupts the efficiency of that signal. It can be compared to a radio transmission. When myelin is working properly, one can hear a clear broadcast. However, when myelin is attacked and destroyed the transmission is no longer clear. It is jarbbled, hence, it alters and disrupts the message. When myelin is destroyed it turns into scar tissue called a plaque. This plaque will appear as â€Å"small round areas o f gray neurons without the white myelin covering† (Davidson et al., 2013, p. 2228). Causes There is no known reason to explain why the body starts attacking its own myelin sheaths. Though there has been much research, researchers have not been able to pinpoint a trigger. However, through this resear... ...em, because cortical bone does not produce a signal in MRI. This area is often obscured on CT because of the beam hardening artifact. The use of gadolinium better differentiates and increases sensitivity in detecting lesions. Diffusion-weighted imaging also gives MRI the ability to determine the age of lesions or differentiate acute from chronic ischemic changes (Pierce & Dubose, 2012). In conclusion, MS is a disease affecting many individuals. It can shorten the individual’s lifespan, but many treatment options are available to help cope with the symptoms. MRI is an evolving modality as it was just introduced in the 1990s and many advances have been made in the past couple of years. MRI is more sensitive than CT in detecting changes in the white matter of the brain. That is why MRI is the modality of choice to help diagnose a case of Multiple Sclerosis.

Telstra Segmentation

The broadcasted advertisement launched by Tellers a few months ago highlighting the statement â€Å"we are Australian†. D) Electronic Interactive Marketing (internet): When you type in ‘Tellers' on Google, a sponsored link gets displayed on the right side of your web page which display the different sales promotion undertaken by Tellers. 2. The mall target market for all which all these different marketing communication tools are used is the market consisting of Australian people, mainly those wanting to purchase a telecommunication providers service.All these communication tools aim at attracting the customers from this market and making them purchase Telltale's arrives. Although, the actual market targeted might vary for one communication tool to another, however the company uses these deferent marketing tools to target the entire consumer market right from young to old, students to retirees, etc. As a result it can be stated that one of the segmentation variables on t he basis of which Tellers targets consumers is the demographic variable of age. 3.Communication Objective: Advertising (Outdoor Media/ Billboard): This advertisement aims at attracting the consumers to purchase the latest mobile phone (Motorola IV) with a Tellers service. The mall feature aimed at attracting the consumers Is the city search application where people can search for restaurants on the their mobile for free and decide on which place to have a meal. Advertising (Print Media): This advertisement aims at attracting consumers using the services of other telecommunication providers and makes them sign up with Tellers.Also another objective of the advertisement Is that for encouraging people to sign up with Big Pond which Is the broadband service offered by Tellers. This can be effective because the benefits offered by Tellers can convince the consumers to choose Tellers ever other service providers. Broadcast Advertising: The aim of the television commercial is to promote am ong the consumers of Australia that Tellers is indeed an Australian company and to promote such an Image that the customers choose the domestic brand (Tellers) over other International telecommunication service providers (Boatmen). Gun an advertisement can generate great goodwill for the company and play a major role on improving the public relations. Interactive Advertising: Such a sponsored link aims at diverting the attention of the Internet user and attracts him/her towards different sales promotion and offers revived by Tellers. Such interactive advertising can at times be non-productive due to factors such as not appealing to consumers, consumers least interested in it, not seen by the users, etc. 4.A new marketing communications approach used by Tellers could be handing out mobile connections with minimum credit to the arriving passengers at airports for them to use. In this approach, Tellers sets up counters at the airport arrival lounges and hands out the mobile connections to the arriving passengers. At times, when people come to Australia from foreign countries, they do not have a ready mobile injection, which they can use to contact their friends or relatives in Australia.They have to go in search of the retail outlets of these service providers and compare the available alternative. This can be a very lengthy and time-consuming process at times. In place of this, if Tellers provides free telephone connections to arriving people at the airport with minimum credit, it will be able to improve its public relations to a great extent and the image of the company can also improve drastically. However, such a marketing communications approach can be expensive and at times not be very effective.

Legality of Organ Donation

Progress in medical science and technology has contributed to the growth of kidney and other organ transplantations around the world. Nevertheless, the gap between the supply and demand for transplantable organs continues to widen. Chronic shortage of human organs for transplantation is one of the most pressing health policy issues in many developed countries. In recent years, the persistent scarcity of organs for transplantation has invigorated the controversy about the determinants of organ donation rates and the magnitude of their effects. In spite of the media campaigns and other attempts to promote donation, the organs supply cannot keep up with the demand, and the number of patients on waiting lists has been growing steadily during the last decade. The Philippines is no exception to the dilemma on the shortage of transplantable human organs and there is no clear cut policy yet on how the shortage could be swiftly addressed. The Department of Health (DoH) is currently pushing for â€Å"cadaveric organ donation† and this perhaps, might lessen the gap between the supply and demand for transplantable human organs. But how can one tinker freely with the body of a deceased person? Are there laws in the country which give blanket authority to hospital institutions or to a medical practitioner in harvesting transplantable human organs from a deceased person even without a document or a health card indicating that the deceased is a willing donor? The answer is a resounding ‘None’. The Philippines has yet to come up with a law regarding ‘presumed consent’ unlike in many European countries, particularly Spain, which for so long a time has been implementing their own and unique versions of ‘presumed consent laws’. Under presumed consent legislation, a deceased individual is classified as a potential donor in absence of explicit opposition to donation before death. With the positive effect of presumed consent laws vis-a-vis organ donation rates on countries which enforced such, it is high time that the Philippines should follow suit and come up with its own version of presumed consent laws. Senator Richard Gordon took the initiative in making the battlecry for the passage of a presumed consent law as he was astounded by the staggering figures of the National Kidney Transplant Institute (NKTI). The Institute reported that the usual Filipino kidney transplants performed thereat have gone down by 20% while the demand for kidney donation is going up by ten (10) percent annually. Global Reality. Waiting for a suitable donor organ to become available may take one week to many months. Unfortunately, the latter is more often the case. This waiting time has been described by many transplant recipients and their families as the most difficult part of the transplant process. Fear and anxiety are normal reactions during this period of uncertainty. In Europe, the average waiting time is three years and is expected to last for ten years or until 2010. With 120,000 patients on chronic dialysis and 40,000 patients waiting in line for a kidney in Western Europe alone, about 15 to 30 % of these patients will die annually because of organ shortages. Every day in the United States, 17 people die waiting for an organ transplant. The number of people in the waiting list for an organ has more than tripled over the last ten years; at the same time, the number of donors has remained relatively stagnant. In the United Kingdom, the active transplant waiting list is increasing by about 8% a year, and the ageing population and increasing incidence of Type 2 diabetes are likely to exacerbate the shortage of available organs. In 2006, the UK Organ Donation Task Force was established with the task of identifying barriers to donation and making recommendations for increasing organ donation and procurement within the current legal framework. In the U. S. , Great Britain and in many other countries, the gap between the demand and the supply of human organs for transplantation is on the rise, despite the efforts of governments and health agencies to promote donor registration. In 2002, 6679 patients died on the U. S. organ waiting lists before an organ became available, roughly 18 per day . In 2001, 6,439 people died while waiting for a transplant, nearly double the 3,916 candidates who died while waiting just five years earlier in 1996. In spite of media campaigns and other attempts to promote donation, the supply of organs cannot keep up with the demand, and the number of patients on waiting lists has been growing steadily during the last decade. One of the most frequently quoted explanations of the gap between the supply and demand of organs is that the number of families that refuse to grant a consent to donation is still large. Approximately 50% of the families that were approached for an organ donation in the U. S. and Great Britain refused it, compared to around 20% in Spain and around 30% in France. Notably, Spain and France are presumed consent countries. In many countries, including the U. S. , Great Britain, Germany and Australia, cadaveric organ procurement is carried out under the informed consent principle. Under an informed consent law, cadaveric organ extraction requires the explicit consent of the donor before death, which is usually re? ected on a donor registration card. In contrast, in most of continental Europe, cadaveric organ procurement is based on the principle of presumed consent. Under presumed consent legislation, a deceased individual is classi? ed as a potential donor in the absence of explicit opposition to donation before death. The severe shortage of human organs for transplantation in the U. S. has prompted numerous proposals to alleviate this problem. In addition to presumed consent legislation, proposals include ? nancial incentives for donors , xenotransplantation, educational campaigns, organ exchange mechanisms for living donors with incompatible recipients and preferential assignment of organs to registered donors. However, increasing donation consent rates from families is still viewed as the most promising route to increase organ donation. Many analysts and health professionals believe that presumed consent legislation may play an important role in shaping the decision of the families. In an international survey of transplant professionals, 75% of the respondents supported presumed consent legislation, and 39% identi? ed this type of legislation as the most effective measure to increase donation rates, the highest percentage among all measures considered in the survey, followed by improved education with 18%. Several countries, including Spain, Austria, and Belgium, have opted for a change in legislation and introduced presumed consent, whereby organs can be used for transplantation after death unless individuals have objected during their lifetime (an opt out system). Countries vary in how organ donation legislation functions in practice, and the terms â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† have been used to characterize how much emphasis is placed on relatives’ views in these countries. In Austria, for example, a fairly strong version of presumed consent principle is applied, although family views may be taken into account. In Spain, as in most presumed consent countries, even when organ removal can be carried-out by law without the consent of the family, organ coordinators in charge of the donation process do not authorize the extraction of organs without an explicit family approval. Another notable example is Sweden, which goes from an informed consent system to a presumed consent system in 1996. Ten years before, in 1986, Sweden had switched from presumed consent to informed consent. In the data, cadaveric donation rates decreased steadily in Sweden during the informed consent period. This downwards trend seemed to disappear after presumed consent legislation was reinstituted in 1996. National Reality. The National Kidney and Transplant Institute Renal Disease Control estimated 11, 250 Filipinos nationwide developing End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) annually. It is estimated that half of these ESRD patients are suitable kidney transplant candidates but only five percent (5%) are actually transplanted to date because of insufficient organ supply and the affordability of the operative procedure to most patient. The past years have also witnessed the development of â€Å"medical tourism† as exemplified by countries like India, Thailand and Singapore (but now world-wide) as improved hospital facilities in the less developed countries have attracted patients from developed countries where health care costs were expensive and unaffordable especially to those with no health insurance. In 1999, a TV documentary exposed more than a hundred kidney transplants done in a private hospital from living non-related donors coming from the very poor section of the metropolis, called BASECO in Tondo, Manila. The Philippines is among the world's leading providers of trafficked organs. Reuters named China, Pakistan, Egypt, Columbia and the Philippines as the five organ trafficking hotspots. Trafficked organs are either sold domestically, or exported to the US, Europe, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and especially Israel for their transplant patients. In his privilege speech, Senator Miguel Zubiri tackled about the CNN’s feature regarding the thriving trade of human organs, amidst the poverty in the country. Although he commented in CNN’s report where Mr. Hugh Reminton made an erroneous slant on the human organ trade in the country, Zubiri admitted that there are some truth to the report. The truth is – human organ trade, particularly kidneys, is thriving in the country, specifically in the urban poor communities; that after paying-off the donor, the trader abandons them to face post-surgery risks also without medical attention. In addition to this, the organ transplant sector is rife with stories of traders earning millions of pesos after paying-off donors. This statement could be supported by an incident of kidney sale in Lumban, Laguna where Jose Rivero, 31, a tricycle driver, told the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) that he had been promised by the broker that he would be paid Php 300,000. 00 for his kidney. However, he received only Php 66,000. 00 which led him to report to the NBI. Special Investigator 3, Joey Narciso, the case officer, said that the country has no law prohibiting the direct sale of organs to a donor. Nothing has been heard of being caught and punished, of conniving surgeons or clinics who knowingly transplant organs that have been sold. Zubiri even suspected that there are big syndicates that prey on the poor and helpless citizens and exploit their ignorance and vulnerability; syndicates which have a growing clientele that includes foreigners and rich Filipinos. During the same session, Senator Gordon disclosed that the NBI is investigating the alleged involvement of doctors and other medical personnel of prominent hospitals in the illegal organ trade after members of a syndicate were arrested for duping several people from Batangas, Quezon and neighboring provinces into selling their organs. Gordon recommended the adaptation of a presumed consent. Zubiri stated that the suggestion could be included in the Senate Bill No. 460 , authored by Senator Jose Jinggoy Estrada.

Financial Statement Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Financial Statement Analysis - Research Paper Example Being a government financed company, it was able to compete very strongly with du, since the telecom company used infrastructure which had been installed for a more than a decade .DU, however, under a powerful management has been able to overcome its competitor such that by the year 2011 du no longer felt the effect of the competitor due to its overwhelming growth. By the year 2011 the company was able to control more than 46% of the mobile industry. The following paper examines changes in the company performance through a financial analysis. The paper will analyze by a trend analysis from the year 2010 to the year 2011.From the analysis there are some major findings that have been gathered such as the company was able to increase its revenue by 25%- one of the largest growth in the MENA region. There was also very high market share of more than 46% by year 2011 (du, 2012). The liquidity and solvency ratios had gone up from the year 2010 to 2011; this showed that the companiesâ€℠¢ potential to pay short term debts had increased hence was able to run the business more smoothly. Other important findings shows an increase in companies net profit margin, gearing ratios and furthermore the company had been ranked the best in the social corporate responsibility, which is an evidence of companies improved performance. The following research is therefore very crucial to all investor who are willing to invest in profitable business. It is also beneficial to the company in order to understand areas of weakness, which need much attention in the coming years. Detailed information is based on the financial analysis covered in the paper. Introduction Emirates integrated telecommunication is a company in the telecommunication industry, which was formed and undertakes its operation in Dubai. The company, through its exclusive performance, became listed in the Dubai financial markets and was therefore authorized to trade under the name DU. The Company has become popular due to provision of the best product and services in the mobile industry such as the blackberry service and the low off peak rates for the international calls. The following report is intended to analyze the major aspects which has made du company grow in such a high rate, it will be based on the strength of the company and also the financial statement will be analyzed in order to predict the future performance of the business. The analysis can therefore be helpful to potential investors since all the important aspects will be covered. To date du company has shown a continuous growth and increase in value give that by the year 2011 they were able to serve d more than 46% of the UAE mobile market this is in accordance to the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority such performance can only be achieved by companies which have proper management and strategies and this is one of the strength of du company. The paper has been undertaken under several topic which will make it more elaborate and informative and these will include company profile, market position, company ownership, economic environment, financial position, financial analysis with reference to the industrial requirement, SWOT analysis and there after the conclusion. Company profile Emirates integrated Telecommunication Company, which is based in the EUA region was formed in the year 2007. The company was formed with the aim of providing telecommunication services. DU provided internet services and pay TV service on that particular year and in addition went further to provide the nationwide fixed telephone services by July 2007. By the fourth quarter of the year 2011 the company had acquired a total of 5.2 million mobile customers. The company is known for being the first introducers of the â€Å"

Managing communication,knowledge and information Case Study

Managing communication,knowledge and information - Case Study Example Contrarily informal information has no definite format. It is not structured. Telephone calls, notice boards, memos, notes etc. are most common types of informal information. Knowledge can be stated as the useful insight and wisdom which gets developed from the processed information (Bazerman and Chugh, 2006). Knowledge can be essentially of two important types, namely tactic and explicit. Tactic knowledge is found through the companies own vision, experience, practice, values, thinking and perceptions. While on the other hand explicit knowledge is largely found existing in documents and other recorded forms. It is highly formalized and codified. Such knowledge can be recorded in different artifacts, books, records, patents and database etc. The spiral conversation is a model which interlinks socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. The model states that communication moves from being tactic to explicit and vice-versa in a spiral or revolving form. Hence it is understood that for explicit knowledge to exist, the tactic knowledge must be generated. Similarly, tactic knowledge derives out of explicit knowledge. Classic badges can make use of the system by incorporating a systematic conversation technique which transforms tactic into explicit knowledge and the reverse. In case of Classic badges, for making their business successful, timely information from customers in respect of demand is essential. This would require suitable communication channels which would transmit information within less time. Also, suitable information channels must be established with suppliers of materials (Robbins and Judge, 2013). From the procured information, organizations are required to establish rational connections exercising their skills and understanding and formulate knowledge base which guides in taking crucial decisions. In case of Classic Badges, the timely information in respect to demand and

Chapter seven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter seven - Essay Example The discussions about inflation actually impacted on my thoughts. First, now I know that inflation results from the increase in the costs of production which compels producers/sellers to increase the prices of their commodities. In addition, I learnt about the negative impacts of inflation in an economy (Baumol, W.J. & A.S. Blinder, 2007). As these authors examine, inflation is not a good experience since it can lead to an increase the costs of living, unemployment and abandonment of a country’s currency. These are very important lessons that not only enlighten me, but prepare me as an economist. The knowledge about inflation can help me in making important decisions regarding finances. Since inflation destructive, it should be adequately controlled. If I become a policy maker, I would apply these scholars’ ideas on inflation control. In case it occurs, I can advocate for feasible monetary policies such as credit squeeze, increased interests rates and initiate projects that can stimulate economic growth. This can help in saving the economy from

Contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract law - Essay Example Churton and Silver were able to inform Risk It of the situation, who agreed to amending the loan agreement by postponing the payment of the principal due for 1 year, and waived all interest payables. However, due to financial problems of its own, risk It now wishes to enforce the original loan agreement against Churton and Silver, and the latter refuses citing the limitations on what they may pay and the ill effects full payment would do in damaging their business enterprise. Prior to formulating the legal advice, I would present to Risk It, it is important to first outline the various legal concepts. In the case at bar, there is clearly a contractual obligation, voluntarily undertaken by both parties. Commonly this is considered a bilateral contract, which imposes upon both parties certain obligations that they agreed upon. Here, Risk It agreed to loan the money to Churton and Silver, who in turn agreed to pay the loan based on the agreed terms. Although the facts make no mention as to the manner in which Risk It agreed to amending the terms of payment of the loan as per the difficulty in financial situation of Churton and Silver, there is really no difference as to whether or not the agreement to amend the terms is in writing or not. Despite common sense, contracts can be legally binding even if not reduced into writing, and have the same effect as if it were on paper. Thus, the acts of Risk It in agreeing to change the terms of the loan is binding upon them, and they can no longer renounce that change or deny it otherwise. This is a key concept of contract law, that contracts are formed through an agreement consisting of an offer and acceptance, a valuable consideration, and the intention of the parties to create a contract. Further assuming that all the necessary requisites of a valid contract are also present in the case at bar, there is no need to delve into the complexities of the form, parties' capacity to contract, consent freely given, and legality of the subject matter or purpose of the contract. Seeing as this is a clear contract of loan, all things should be in order. With all that said, it is clear that the only advice I can make to Risk It is for them to follow the amended loan agreement that they had made with Churton and Silver. The changed terms, and waived interest became binding on them from the moment it was made, offered and accepted by the parties. They can no longer renounce or go against that agreement, or they put themselves at risk of legal suit for the remedies due to breach of contractual obligations by Churton and Silver. It is necessary to state that the remedies for breach of contractual obligations include the award of monetary damages by the courts and a petition for specific performance. The former is the assessment of monetary sum to be given by the offending party to compensate for the injury that would be suffered by the breach of contract. This could be a relief sought against Risk It if they try to enforce the original loan agreement instead of the amended one that would inevitably cause great damage and injury to the business enterprise of Churton and Silver.  

Analysis of a Business Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis of a Business Narrative - Essay Example There is renewed realization of the fact that organizations are continuously seeking a means of communication that synthesizes and not that which analyzes information (Sole & Wilson, 2004). Story telling offers an ideal answer to this quest, which explains the increasing use of narratives by many organizations today. Knowledge by itself serves no purpose to organizations. However it is by application that such knowledge becomes useful to an organization. Therefore, all stories in organizations have the basic intent to share knowledge, which helps in promoting effective actions in the behaviors of all the involved stakeholders or in achieving a specific task within the organization. One importance of narratives in organizations is in informing the clientele â€Å"who we really are† (Dunning, 2005). In this attempt, for the narrative to be effective, executives have to do something that may at first appear uncomfortable, which mostly involves talking about the failures involved and the down times that the company has experienced in coming to being (Dunning, 2005). Self-disclosure in narratives is one of the best ways to accomplish trust and to inspire others. For instance, in the narrative about Baidu invention, though the company does not narrate about their down times and failures, the narrative clearly indicates that the brand was formed with the Chinese people in mind and had specific tools that accommodated the diverse needs of the Chinese users. The company draws its identity from its intention to serve the Chinese clientele and thus was designed with this customer segment in mind. This is portrayed by the fact that the search engine recognizes 38 ways in which a Chinese can say I. Recognizing such user specific features defines a clear identity of the company in relation to its clientele. On the other hand, Google in its invention offers a captivating narrative of the failures and the downtimes that haunted the young company. For instance, BackRub w as discontinued for taking a high bandwidth than necessary, and that the young Google Company had to start from a garage and not an office. Stories that disclose failure and hardships within a company in its years of operations have a paradoxical effect of instilling trust and encourage openness among its audience (Dunning, 2005). Google offers a simple story about its startup, which elicits both humor and confidence in all their operations. Such a story enhances confidence, courage and inspires others within the company and outside to be confident in their operations. Narratives in organizations do share values and norms. The norms and values are passed through different generations within the organization, and are derived from the organization’s past to describe its intended future (Sole & Wilson, 2004). Leadership theories empathize on the need to offer a robust context and vision of a firm. This objective is better accomplished using stories that have more emphasis on the strong qualities of the organization in the past; narratives place organizational qualities in future’s context, while at the same time helping in identifying possible future opportunities in an organization (Sole & Wilson, 2004). For instance, during Baidu’s design and launch, the detailed knowledge of Chinese language and culture was instrumental in

Multimedia Design †iOS vs. Android Essay Example for Free

Multimedia Design – iOS vs. Android Essay iOS ‘i’ stands for ‘Internet’. The term iOS was originally known as iPhone OS and was introduced in 2007 along with the first iPhone hardware device Apple released. It was the term used to describe the software that would operate the iPhone and is derived from the term OS X, which is how Apple describes its operating system for its Macintosh computers. The X stands for 10 which is the newest version of the computer software Apple created to operate the desktop and laptop computers they design. The iOS platform is a mobile-device-based software system that works like a computer system, but on mobile devices like portable phones. It is designed to be smaller, faster and use less power. It also has a touch friendly user interface so it works better when a finger is used to interface with the system instead of a mouse or stylus that has been used in the past to interact with operating systems. The iPhone has run on iOS since its release in 2007. Designed for use with Apple’s multi-touch devices, iOS supports input through direct manipulation. The system responds to various user gestures, such as pinching, tapping and swiping. Other iOS features include: Integrated search support enables simultaneous search through files, media, applications and email. Gesture recognition supports, for example, shaking the device to undo the most recent action. Google Maps direction services. Push email. Safari mobile browser. Integrated camera and video. Integrated media player. Direct access to the Apple Store’s catalogue of applications, music, podcasts, television shows and movies. Compatibility with Apple’s cloud service, iCloud. History 2007: iPhone OS 1 Revealed alongside the original iPhone in January 2007, the first Apple  smartphone operating system was not given a specific name until the following March, with the launch of the first Software Development Kit beta., when it became known as iPhone OS. The first iPhone could not support 3G, the copy and paste function, email attachments or MMS and couldnt run third party apps. Further updates included the introduction of the iTunes Music Store, allowing users to purchase music directly onto their phones (through a Wi-Fi connection) for the first time, and the ability to create their own ringtones. 2008: iPhone OS 2 Coinciding with the launch of the iPhone 3G, the second major update to the operating system saw the launch of the App Store, leading to the introduction of third party apps and games. Full support for Microsoft Exchange and the option to wipe your phone in the event of failing to enter your passcode were other new features, the latter being added in a subsequent update. Google Street View was enabled with the 2.2 update, featuring walking, driving and public transport options. 2009: iPhone OS 3 With the third incarnation for the new 3GS handset, the cut, copy and paste function finally became commonplace, alongside the long-awaited push notifications for third party apps. Video recording, MMS (multimedia messaging service) and voice control were also added, and users were given the chance to purchase films, TV shows and audiobooks through iTunes. Spotlight search enabled more comprehensive search through email, contacts, calendar, notes and within music, and the new voice memo function facilitated the recording and storing of audio notes. Purchasing within apps was also introduced, but only within paid-for apps. The 3.2 version contained a raft of improvements designed for use with the newly released iPad. While not supporting general multitasking, it was made to accommodate the differing resolution of a larger screen than the iPhone, as well as revamping apps specifically for the new platform. 2010: iOS 4 Introduced on June 21 2010, iOS 4 was the first operating system to bear the iOS name, released on the new flagship iPhone 4. Its folder system accommodated the storing of up to 12 similar apps within one mother folder,  while multitasking allowed apps to run simultaneously, such as writing an email while listening to Spotify, and navigation apps continuing to track your location in the background. iBooks, Apples ebook-reading software, and its parent iBookstore was introduced, and the improved 5MP iPhone 4 camera was complemented by tap to focus software and 5x digital zoom. The devices new front-facing camera also facilitated video calling feature FaceTime. 2011: iOS 5 2011 saw the launch of the iPhone 4S and with it, iOS 5. The main new feature was Siri, Apples voice-activated virtual assistant that had previously been downloadable from the App Store as a third party app. Now integrated into the OS, Siri now communicated with other apps to make calls, check emails and transcribe text. Containing more than 200 new features, iOS 5 heralded the arrival of iOS user messaging system iMessage, Twitter integration across a range of apps and online storage facility iCloud, replacing previous system MobileMe. 2012: iOS 6 Tim Cook took to the stage at Apples 2012 WorldWide Developers Conference shocked fans by announcing that Google Maps would not feature in latest incarnation iOS 6, and would be replaced by the companys own inbuilt Maps app. Siri also received a makeover, featuring restaurant recommendations, the ability to dictate tweets or Facebook statuses and film reviews. A year after Twitter integration into Apples native apps, Facebook was added to the fold, and Apple launched its answer to Google Wallet, Passbook, will collated tickets, boarding passes and coupons within the single app. 2013: iOS 7 iOS 7 marked a radical aesthetic departure for Apple, masterminded by Sir Jony Ive, and debuted on the twin release of the iPhones 5s and 5c. The new flattened and pared-back user interface drew praise and criticism in equal measures. The single-swipe control centre feature allowed users to quickly access key settings such as WiFi, Airplane mode, Bluetooth and the newly-introduced torch without having to delve into the Settings menu. Siri was upgraded to both male and female voices, and redesigned to understand French and German. Other changes included a new camera interface with a  square photo mode, full multitasking for all apps and new wallpapers. 2014: iOS 8 Announced at the 2014 WWDC conference in June, iOS 8 will feature new frameworks HealthKit and HomeKit, integrating apps to track health data and the standardisation of controlling internet-enabled home appliances. It is expected to ship on the iPhone 6, which Apple is believed to be preparing to announce at next weeks special event in San Francisco. Other new features include being able to sent audio and video messages by holding down a record button while inside the Messages app, new predictive typing feature QuickType and the new and improved file hosting service iCloud Drive. Features With an easy-to-use interface, amazing features and security at its core, iOS 8 is the foundation of iPhone, iPad and iPod touch. It’s designed to look beautiful and work beautifully, so even the simplest tasks are more engaging. And because iOS 8 is engineered to take full advantage of the advanced technologies built into Apple hardware, your devices are always years ahead — from day one to day whenever. Elegant and intuitive interface From the moment you pick up iPhone, iPad or iPod touch, you know how to use it. That’s because iOS was designed to be easy to understand. The simple-yet-beautiful Home screen invites you to discover each of the built-in apps. So straight away, you’re browsing your favourite websites, capturing a few candids or texting your friends. And no matter what you’re doing or what app you’re using, everything feels easy, intuitive and even fun. Built-in features and apps that make your device — and you — more capable iOS and an ever-expanding collection of features and built-in apps make iPhone, iPad and iPod touch even more powerful, innovative and a joy to use. 1. Photos Every photo you take is ready to edit and share in seconds, straight from your iOS device. And you can search for your favourite photos by time, location and album, or browse by Collections and Moments — smart groupings of your photos and videos based on time and place. 2. Me ssages Messages lets you send any kind of message, any way you want to send it. Tap to add your voice to a conversation. Send a video of what you’re seeing the  moment you’re seeing it. And now you can manage your group conversations by naming them, adding and removing contacts, muting them or leaving them altogether. 3. Music When it comes to your music, this is home base. Create playlists for every mood. Or let Genius do it for you. 4. Maps Apple-designed from the ground up (and the sky down), this built-in app shows you incredible detail — even at full zoom. Maps keeps street names where they belong and keeps you heading in the right direction with spoken turn-by-turn navigation. 5. Face Time With a tap, you can make video calls or audio-only calls from your iPhone or iPad to someone else’s. And you can do it over Wi-Fi or cellular networks. So you can be there, even when you’re not there. 6. Safari It’s the world’s most popular mobile browser. Safari puts the focus where it should be: the web. When you open a web page, the address and navigation bars move out of the way until you need them. Bookmarks are easy to add and edi t, and features like Reading List, Shared Links and iCloud Tabs let you get to the content you need when you need it. 7. AirDrop Sharing with AirDrop is faster and more convenient than an email or a text, especially when the person you want to share with isn’t in your Contacts. Just tap to send photos, videos, contacts — and anything else from any app with a Share button — to anyone nearby who’s also running iOS 8 or OS X Yosemite. 8. Health Now your activity tracker, heart rate monitor, and other health and fitness apps can talk to each other. Which means they’ll be able to work even harder for you. And all the information is accessible in one easy-to-read dashboard. 9. AirPlay AirPlay lets you wirelessly stream what’s on your iOS device to your HDTV and speakers via Apple TV. Or mirror exactly what’s on your display to the big screen. Holiday photos, blockbusters, the latest games — you choose how to go large. Hardware and software made for each other. Because Apple makes both the hardware and the operating system for iPad, iPhone and iPod touch, everything is designed to work together. So apps take full advantage of hardware features such as the dual-core processor, accelerated graphics, wireless antennas and more. Multitasking is a perfect example. iOS learns when you like to use your apps and updates the content in them at power-efficient times, like when your device is already in use and connected to Wi-Fi. So the content in your favourite apps stays up to  date without a major drain on your battery. With the App Store, there’s almost no limit to what your iOS device can do. iOS is the platform for well over a million mobile apps — and counting. And every app starts with the right DNA. So we’ve made iOS 8 the biggest release for developers since the introduction of the App Store. It offers new APIs to enable even more amazing features and bold new technologies for game development. And the App Store makes all of these apps easy to access, easy to search and easy to buy using the same account you use for iTunes. Just browse the App Store on your iOS device and download them with a tap. iCloud. Everything you need. Anywhere you need it. iCloud makes sure all your devices always have the latest versions of your most important things, including documents, apps, contacts, calendar events and more. iCloud Drive lets you access all your files from any device. With Family Sharing, all your photos, videos, music and iTunes purchases can be shared easily with your family across multiple Apple devices. Find My iPhone helps you locate your lost iPhone, iPad, iPod touch or Mac. And iCloud Keychain securely remembers your user names, passwords and credit card information so you don’t have to. Easy to update. iOS updates are free. And they’re available to download wirelessly on your iPhone, iPad or iPod touch the moment they’re released. Your device even alerts you when it’s time to get the latest version. So you won’t miss out on all the amazing features in new updates. Safety and security come standard. iOS provides built-in security from the moment you turn on your device. That’s because the hardware, firmware and operating system come with built-in features designed to help your device — and what you put on it — stay safe. 1. Security. Malware and viruses aren’t confined to desktops anymore. They can infect mobile devices too. Which is why Apple takes security seriously when it comes to iOS. For starters, hardware and firmware features are designed to protect against malware and viruses, while iOS features help to secure your  personal information. Touch ID lets you use your fingerprint as a passcode, preventing unauthorised access to your device. When you use a passcode, it automatically encrypts and protects your email, calendar events, contacts, reminders, notes, messages and third-party apps. 2. Privacy. iOS is designed to put your privacy first. If an app wants your location information or data from Calendar, Contacts, Reminders or Photos, it needs your permission first. And you have complete control of how Health and HealthKit use your data. Your conversations over iMessage and FaceTime are encrypted, including predictive text. So no-one but you and the person you’re talking to can see or read what’s being said. And features built into Safari give you the ability to browse privately, block cookies and prevent websites from tracking you. 3. Find My iPhone Activation Lock. Your iPhone is your iPhone, no matter where it is. The same goes for your iPad and iPod touch. Because security features in iOS make it very difficult for anyone who’s not you to use or sell your device. Turning off Find My iPhone or erasing your device requires your Apple ID and password. Find My iPhone can also continue to display a customised message, even after your device is erased. And your Apple ID and password are required before anyone can reactivate it. 4. iCloud Keychain. Most of the websites you visit nowadays require user names and passwords. Remembering them all can be tough, but you can let iCloud Keychain do it for you. It stores your website user names and passwords on the devices you’ve approved, protects them with robust 256-bit AES encryption and keeps them up to date on each device. Then it automatically fills them in whenever and wherever you need them. Password Generator can even suggest unique, hard-to-guess passwords for your online accounts. iCloud Keychain works with credit card information too, so checking out takes no time at all. Accessibility built in. iOS includes a variety of accessibility features that help people with disabilities experience more of what iPhone, iPad and iPod touch have to  offer. The built-in VoiceOver screen reader allows those who are blind or have low vision to hear a description of the item they’re touching on the screen. Made for iPhone Hearing Aids are Bluetooth devices that allow you to experience clearer phone conversations and music, and you can manage them directly from your iOS device. With Guided Access, you can restrict an iOS device to one app, and even limit the amount of time spent in an app. Which can be helpful to people with autism or other attention and sensory challenges. And Switch Control gives individuals with limited physical or motor skills complete control of their device through switch access. iOS also offers many other beneficial accessibility features, such as dynamic screen magnification, playback of closed-captioned video, mono audio, simplified screen gestures and more . iOS knows many languages. iPhone, iPad and iPod touch support keyboard and dictionary functions for multiple languages and dialects. Switch languages on the fly.  iOS lets you take your pick of over 35 system languages and easily switch between them. Because the keyboard is software-based, you can select from over 55 different layouts with support for diacritic marks on characters, and contextual character options for Japanese. VoiceOver reads screens in more than 35 languages, and Voice Control understands over 20 languages. Advantages 1. Camera Camera Shoot in burst mode, only click on capture and then press volume button You can take Picture continuously. 2. Multitasking The phone has multitasking features. User can running two or more Apps at a same time. 3. Airdrop You can do sharing of document and Apps with the desktop by Wi-Fi. You can share document at a time with multiple people. 4. iBeacon iBeacon facility is newly added in iOS7. The sharing of document and Apps by the sensor via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). 5. Automatic Update The iOS 7 update regularly with their application. It also has manually update options. 6. High Speed The iOS 7 has provide high speed to idevises . 7. Kids Categories The iOS 7 has children and parents according applications. The new features has a new part of the App Store. 8. Automatic Backgrounds Refresh In iOS 7 Background refresh regularly get refresh. And it refresh its All application. 9. Out of the way interfaces User can make interface  with friends by different ways. 10. Delete Clutter iOS 7 has delete Clutter and textures automatic. By this facility iOS 7 is safe with any Malware. Android Introducing Android. The worlds most powerful mobile platform. Theres no other software quite like Android. Google engineered Android, and Google’s own apps run best on it. And with millions of apps, games, songs, and videos on Google Play, Android is great for fun, and for getting things done. Android devices come in all kinds of sizes, with all sorts of features, and at all sorts of prices. Each version of Android is named after a dessert, and the most recent version of Android is Jelly Bean. With Android, you’re in control of your mobile experience. Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile devices in more than 190 countries around the world. Its the largest installed base of any mobile platform and growing fast—every day another million users power up their Android devices for the first time and start looking for apps, games, and other digital content. Android gives you a world-class platform for creating apps and games for Android users everywhere, as well as an open marketplace for distributing to them instantly. History V1.0- Marked the first commercial release of Android. At this time it was not widely available but had many new features that were important and still used today. These included Android Market for application upates and for new Applications Web Browser for full XTML/HTML web browsing. Google Apps full set of app by Google(Mail,SMS,Maps etc.) V1.1- This was a update to 1.0 that had many bug fixes and added a few features such as a Maps update. It was only available for ther T-Mobile G1. V1.5 or Cupcake was released in April 2009. It had several new approvements. Among the new features were Widgets for embedded small apps Contacts improvements including the pictures added to ever contact Animations for smooth scrolling and screen changes Bluetooth support update for audio pairing and sharing V1.6 or Donut was released in September of 2009 and had many improvements Voice and Text Improvements Touch Screen improvements Multi select for photos Camera access improvements and faster access Search Option for faster access V2.0/2.0.1/2.1 or Eclair was released in Oct 2009 and had several improvements and looks remarkably similar to today’s Android versions. Bluetooth 2.1 support Hardware and U.I. improvements Calendar improvements for date and not settings Account Sync improvements allow user to sync cultivable account on one phone Multi Touch improvements to allow better multitouch support Screen size and contrast improvements. Include bigger screens and better contrast ratios Android 2.2/2.2.1/2.2.2/2.2.3 or Frozen Yogurt (Froyo) was released May of 2010 and improved on many features. There were many key features in this version of Android including Adobe Flash support for rich web content Speed and memory improvements Cloud messaging support USB tethering Multi Language support Bluetooth dock and car support WiFi hotspots support JIT Compilation for application speed improvements 2.3/2.3./2.3.3./2.3.4 or Gingerbread was released in December of 2010 and as of the time of this writing has become the most widely used Android version. Some of the new features included U.I. or Interface improvements gave it a more simple but quicker interface Virtual Keyboard updated and improved for  a better and faster layout. copy/paste enhancements where a user could just press and hold New Codec support for more audio/video formats Power Management enhancements gyroscope/barometers support input enhancements for game developers V 3.0/3.1/3.2 or Honeycomb was released in Feb of 2011 and was a tablet(and later Google TV) only release. Some of its features included Holographic interface that was optimized for a tablet U.I. Improved keyboard support for larger screens Multi Core processor support Hardware acceleration for faster hardware view gallery in full screen interface System bar for better multitasking that allows you to switch from one app to another. Resizable home screen widgets(3.1+) external keyboard/mouse support (3.1+) FLAC audio codec support (3.1+) Android 4.0/4.01 was first released in Oct 2011 and was a major improvment upon both 2.x and 3.x. It blended both interfaces and had full support for both phones and tablets. Some of the notable features included Folder system improvements making easier to create. Launcher improved to be customizable Tabbed Browsing improved to allow up to 16 tabs facial recognition support to locking/unlocking phone photo editor built in to Android 4.x Android Beam support to share contacts and files Chrome Bookmark sync support Wi-Fi direct support to connect with other users without access point User Interface hardware acceleration for faster access. Android 4.1 Android Jellybean saw full release in early 2012 and improved on Android 4.0 in many ways. It took the common features of Android 4.0 and made it more fluid. Some features include: Browser has improved performance, CPU and memory efficiency Full HTML 5 support to bring Android up to new web standards Calendar is improved and has features blend with one another bidirectional text means more input languages to make the platform accessible to more people around the world. dictionaries are now more accurate and more relevant A update to Android 4.1 is now available. It is still counted as Jellybean but updated to new features that include: Photo Sphere allows you to use take 360 degree pictures among other new camara features Gesture Typing lets you type much faster but takes some getting used to but can make typing much faster. Google Now updated with new features Android 5.0 Key Lime Pie rumored to be the next version of Android. Global partnerships and large installed base Building on the contributions of the open-source Linux community and more than 300 hardware, software, and carrier partners, Android has rapidly become the fastest-growing mobile OS. Every day more than 1 million new Android devices are activated worldwide. Android’s openness has made it a favorite for consumers and developers alike, driving strong growth in app consumption. Android users download more than 1.5 billion apps and games from Google Play each month. With its partners, Android is continuously pushing the boundaries of hardware and software forward to bring new capabilities to users and developers. For developers, Android innovation lets you build powerful, differentiated applications that use the latest mobile technologies. Powerful development framework Easily optimize a single binary for phones, tablets, and other devices. Android gives you everything you need to build best-in-class app experiences. It gives you a single application model that lets you deploy your apps broadly to hundreds of millions of users across a wide range of devices—from phones to tablets and beyond. Android also gives you tools for creating apps that look great and take advantage of the hardware capabilities available on each device. It automatically adapts your UI to  look its best on each device, while giving you as much control as you want over your UI on different device types. For example, you can create a single app binary thats optimized for both phone and tablet form factors. You declare your UI in lightweight sets of XML resources, one set for parts of the UI that are common to all form factors and other sets for optimzations specific to phones or tablets. At runtime, Android applies the correct resource sets based on its screen size, density, locale, and so on. To help you develop efficiently, the Android Developer Tools offer a full Java IDE with advanced features for developing, debugging, and packaging Android apps. Using the IDE, you can develop on any available Android device or create virtual devices that emulate any hardware configuration. Open marketplace for distributing your apps Google Play is the premier marketplace for selling and distributing Android apps. When you publish an app on Google Play, you reach the huge installed base of Android. As an open marketplace, Google Play puts you in control of how you sell your products. You can publish whenever you want, as often as you want, and to the customers you want. You can distribute broadly to all markets and devices or focus on specific segments, devices, or ranges of hardware capabilities. You can monetize in the way that works best for your business—priced or free, with in-app products or subscriptions—for highest engagement and revenues. You also have complete control of the pricing for your apps and in-app products and can set or change prices in any supported currency at any time. Beyond growing your customer base, Google Play helps you build visibility and engagement across your apps and brand. As your apps rise in popularity, Google Play gives them higher placement in weekly top charts and rankings, and for the best apps promotional slots in curated collections. Preinstalled on hundreds of millions of Android devices around the world, Google Play can be a growth engine for your business. Features Take Google with you. Take Google with you on your mobile device: all the Google products you know and love, designed to work best on Android phones and tablets. Search the web The fastest, easiest way to find what you need on the web and your phone or tablet. Enjoy the power of Google search wherever you are. With Google Now, get just the right information at just the right time. Browse fast on your Android phone or tablet with Chrome. Bring your personalized Chrome experience with you anywhere you go. Navigate your World Never get lost as you go to new places and old favorites. Get voice-guided turn-by-turn GPS navigation to your destination, powerful local search with full place reviews and summaries from Zagat editors, detailed maps with 3D buildings, live traffic information and more with Google Maps for Android. Connect Share Stay connected and share epic moments as they happen. Start a group video chat on the go with up to nine people at once with Google+ Hangouts, and never lose another mobile photo with Instant Upload. Be entertained Get all your apps entertainment in one place. Google Play brings you the worlds largest collection of eBooks, millions of songs, thousands of movies and TV shows, and a growing selection of magazines – plus over 600,000 apps and games. With Google Play, you can now read, listen and watch anywhere you want — on your tablet, phone, or on the web at play.google.com — no wires, no syncing and no storage costs. YouTube puts millions of videos at your fingertips, available on the go wherever you are. Create Collaborate Google Drive gives you one place to create, share, collaborate and keep your stuff, accessible on all your devices. With Gmail, get smarter email wherever you are, integrated with contacts and apps on your Android phone or tablet. Your stuff, always available, no wires needed. When you sign in to your phone or tablet with Google, you can access all of your Google stuff (contacts, photos, Gmail and more) quickly and easily. You can also enjoy all of your favorite entertainment across your Android devices and even your computer — no wires, no syncing. Play everywhere you go. Google Play is the easiest way to enjoy all your favorites: more than 700,000 apps and games, millions of songs, thousands of movies and TV shows, the worlds largest collection of eBooks, and a growing selection of magazines. With Google Play, theres no wires, no hassle, just pure entertainment. You can now read, listen and watch anywhere you want—on your tablet, phone, or in any browser at play.google.com. Powerful, simple, and beautiful Millions of people use Android because it’s so powerful yet still so easy. The home screen, apps, and widgets are simple to use right out of the box, but completely customizable. With Android, you can create a unique mobile experience that’s just right for you. Widgets Put the important stuff right within reach and interact with your favorite apps directly from your home screen with widgets — see the latest sport scores, view your favorite photos, check the weather or peek at your inbox all without having to open different apps or leave the home screen. Notifications An easy-to-read notification tray gives you quick access to your calls, incoming texts, and new emails in a non-intrusive way. Multi-tasking With Android, you can quickly and seamlessly switch between apps and pick up whatever you were doing. Juggling multiple tasks at once on a mobile device has never been easier. Voice typing and actions Control your Android device with your voice. Simply touch the microphone on the keyboard and start talking to write emails, SMS, or any other text — more than 30 languages supported. Text appears in real time, so there’s no waiting. Photos and videos Capture special moments with great photos and videos, explore your shots and quickly share your favorites in any way that you want.